The Greek Goddess Gaia
Gaia, Gaea, or Ge Gea was a titânide
(or titanesa) naming for Earth, Mother Earth, and as a major element
of a latent primordial potentiality almost absurd for generating.
According to Hesiod, in principle Chaos
arises, and out of Chaos Gaia was born, out of Tartarus, and Eros
(love), Erebus and Nyx (Night).
Gaia alone generates Uranus, Point and
OREAS (mountains). When she had generated Uranus they equalled in
their desire to have something that covered them up completely, and
this was an eternal home which appeared "blessed" as
Eternal Home for the Gods.
With Uranus Gaia begatted the 12 Titans
: Ocean, Coeus Crio Hyperion and Iapetus, Theia, Rhea, Themis,
Mnemosyne, Phoebe Gold crowned and the beloved Tethys; finally born
was Cronos, the youngest and most terrible of her children who hated
the lust of their father.
After, Uranus and Gaia it was the
Cyclopes who generated Hecatonchires (Giants Hundred Hands).
Uranus being able to predict the
future, feared the power of children so big and powerful and returned
them back into the womb of Gaia.
She, who was moaning with excruciating
pain without being able to give birth, called her Titan Sons to help
freeing their brethren and avenge his father.
It was Cronus only who accepted. Gaia
then took her breast and made out of it the steel toothed sickle.
She gave it to Cronos and hid him so
that when in the night Uranus came hedid not notice the presence of
Cronos.
Uranus when descending in order to
unite with his wife once again he was surprised by Cronos attacking
and castrating him. Thus Heaven and Earth have been separated.
Cronus threw the testicles of Uranus
into the sea but a few drops fell on earth impregnating her. Uranus'
spilled blood on Gaia and Giants were born, the Erinyes, the
Melíades, and Aphrodite.
After the fall of Uranus Cronus became
King of the World and freed his brothers. But seeing how powerful
they were he also was frightened of them and imprisoned them again.
Gaia, revolted by the act of tyranny
and intolerance of her son, plotted a new vengeance.
Gaia Anselm Feuerbach (1875)
When Cronus married Rhea and took over
the government of the entire universe, Uranus told him that one of
his very own sons would dethrone him later.
He then proceeded to devour every newborn according to his father's advice.
He then proceeded to devour every newborn according to his father's advice.
But Gaia helped Rhea to save the child
that would be Zeus. Rhea then, instead of giving her son to Kronos to
devour him, gave him a stone, and hid her son in a cave.
Being a grown-up, Zeus declared war on
his parent and the other Titans with the help of Gaia.
And for hundred years of raging war
between them there was neither side to triumph.
It was Gaia then who talked with Zeus
and promised that he would win this war and become king of the
universe if he went down into Tartarus and freed the three Cyclopes
and the three Hecatonchires.
Listening to the advice of Gaia, Zeus
defeated Cronus with the help of the children freed by earth' advice
and became the new ruler of the universe.
However, Zeus had to make an agreement
with the Hecatonchires so they could watch him from the bottom of the
Titans' Tartarus.
Gaia revolted about this a 3rd time
and threw up all her weapons in order to overthrow Zeus.
At first, she gave birth to countless
Androgynous Beings with four legs and four arms that were connected
through the column ending with two heads and posessing besides male
and female genitals. The Androgynous emerged from the ground in every
corner and climbed Olympus with Intent to destroy Zeus. However the
advice of Themis, he and the other Gods hit the Androgynous
Beings'column thus splitting them exactly in two halves.
Once this was done, Zeus won.
On some other occasion, Gaia produced a
plant which turned into food it could give immortality to the Giants.
Still to grow the plant needed light.
Zeus knowing this ordered Helios,
Selene, Eos and the stars so they did not ascend to heaven and were
hidden in veils of Nix. He searched and found the plant which he
destroyed afterwards.
Still Gaia incited the Giants to put
the mountains on each other in an attempt to climb the sky and invade
Olympus. But Zeus and the other gods won again.
As a last resort, Gaia sent her
youngest and most horrendous son, Typhon, to battle against the gods
and their allies. Yet again the gods joined against this terrible
creature and after a terrible and bloody battle, they could overtake
also the last child of Gaia and won the battle.
Eventually Gaia gave in and made an
sgreement with Zeus never again to plot against his government.
Thus, it was received as the Goddess Olympia.
Thus Gaia became the Goddess of the
earth in ancient Greece. Her name was used to illustrate a scientific
theory: that Earth behaves like a living being.
With the popularization of such concept
Gaia today is almost a synonym for Earth (planet), or the nature of
the planet in a feminine aspect: Mother Gaia.
The "Gaia Theory" was
proposed by the English scientist and environmentalist James Lovelock
in the 60s. Despite not being unanimous, the concept today already
has gained some reasonable acceptance in the scientific community.
The theory entails that as the planet
behaves like a living organism - for example - in the allocation of
heat-not that actually be one.
Gaia Hypothesis
The Gaia hypothesis, also known as
biogeochemistry hypothesis is some controversial hypothesis in deep
ecology which proposes that the biosphere and the physical
Componenetes Earth (atmosphere, cryosphere, hydrosphere and
lithosphere) are closely integrated to form a complex interacting
system that maintains the climate and biogeochemical preferably in
homeostasis.
Originally proposed by British researcher James E. Lovelock hypothesized this as response of the Earth. It was renamed as suggested by his colleague, William Golding, as the Gaia hypothesis in reference to the supreme Greek Goddess of the Earth - Gaia.[3]
The hypothesis is often described as
the Earth as a single living organism. Lovelock and other researchers
who support the idea now consider it as a scientific theory, not just
a hypothesis, once she passes the test prediction.
The British scientist, along with the
American biologist Lynn Margulis analyzed studies that compared
Earth's atmosphere with other planets proposing that life on Earth
is to create the conditions for its own survival and not the opposite
according to what traditional theories suggest.
Viewed with distrust by the
international scientific community, the "Gaia Theory" finds
supporters among ecological groups, mystics and some researchers.
With the phenomenon of global warming
and the climate crisis in the world the hypothesis has gained
credibility among scientists.
Relationship of humans to the planet
The reactions of the planet to human
actions may be understood as a self-regulatory response of this
immense living organism "Gaia" who feels and reacts
organically.
The carbon dioxide emissions of
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), deforestation of important biomes such as
the Amazon rainforest, the concentration of wealth, consumerism and
the maldistribution of land are capable to cause serious damage to
the large living organism and other living beings including the human
Mankind. Thismis why there is an increased greenhouse effect, the
intensification of extreme weather, melting icecaps and the great
mountains of eternal snow, acid rain, all these creating human misery
and exclusion.
Despite of the difficulties in
defining what is life in the scientific world this theory is a new
way to understand the environment since it is known that human beings
are part of the whole and that the planet is a self-regulating
being...
Earth is displays interaction between
the living and non-living matter. We must realize that we are part of
a living organism that regulates itself and interacts with other
beings.
The analogy of Sequoia clarifies
much:there exists a kind of tree that reaches up to 115 meters high,
and is composed of 97% non-living material.
Comparing it to the Planet Earth it may
be noticed that the planet is composed of a large amount of
non-living material with a thin layer of life (living beings). The
great body of the planet has the ability to self-regulation the
result of which is interaction of living and non-living beings and
matter...
Hypothesis I
Individual organisms not only adapt to
the physical environment but through their joint action in
ecosystems, geochemical also adapt the environment according to their
biological needs.
Therefore communities of organisms and
their environment - their input and output - is developed together as
ecosystems.
The Chemistry of the Atmosphere and its
physical environment of the Earth are completely different from the
conditions prevailing on any other planet in the solar system - a
fact that led to "The Gaia Hypothesis" (support agencies,
especially the microorganisms have evolved with the physical
environment, forming a complex system of control maintaining the
conditions favorable to life (the land-Lovelock 1979).
(Contra) Mary translating this
article, referred to the article by EM = Effective Mikro-organism
she sent me at the beginning of our Co-Op. And here it is:
Hypothesis II
The Western community traditionally
observes ecological events through naturalistic bias introduced in
the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries where there is a clear
segregation between the organic itself "natural" and the
universe of human objects or world "artificial".
Moreover, there is in some initial
moment some possibility of organic infrastructure in order to support
the informational body .
Reviews of contemporary concepts and
own scientific paradigms currently being researched rectify gaps in
the emerging field of quantum physics, astronomy and biology, and
cybernetics and philosophy.
New concepts dismantle linear thinking
which are materialisticly and historically accumulated.
But this still dominates many
scientific institutions including some environmental NGOs.
Observing through a bias complex as
evidenced by the very traditional biological approach the
informational ecosystem (which also exists in nature through language
of color, odor, temperature, movement etc.).
It also finds support in human subjects
extending the organic network conventionally known as natural to all
matter derived from living organisms.
This is another fact that may lead to
the hypothesis (this does not invalidate the ecological struggles,
but complements) that technology and the urban environment, the
machines and artificial life are natural consequences of the
biological unfolding from inorganic matter and therefore are alive
too.
This should generate a discussion in
terms of ecological imbalance and not in terms of invasion and
exclusion artificiality within nature. Morphological and functional
similarities of urban forms are generally artificial echoes of
nature.
Therefore, a teleological process
establishing a path through the artificiality towards eternal
naturalness thus including literacy information as a support of
neurons and organ flow as transportation routes ripening and defense
of the organism on a global scale and many functions of own
individual organisms.
In proportion similar to Sequoia 99.9%
of the mass of human society is "dead" but being part of a
body constituted by organic processes and stages of growth closely
linked to circadian rhythms.
This entire process resembles to the
unfolding between unicellular organisms (individuals) and
multicellular colonies and vice versa, individual (multicellular), as
well as to an overall upward trend , remembering also fractal
functions and anamorfismo mineral / organic.
Some well-known assumptions but also
with some external metaphysical approaches to praxis centifica in
their methods of inference claim that minerals are alive because some
precious and semi-precious stones and many geological elements (see
caving) partially behave as living beings, since they are born,
grow, reproduce themselves and die.
The fact that in its incompleteness
analysis of viruses accompanied to it including computer devices,
since it is known that (the first) are inert and virtually only
minerals, if not hosted, despite evolve.
Research in artificial intelligence and
own routine of internet and computers to demonstrate ways "alive"
(trojans, viruses, spyware, worms, backdoors, etc..) These also
behave in epistemological terms like living beings and in a
traditional way of getting slightly ironic names of living beings.
Source: Wikipedia, re-blogged from
Published by the curadora64 and translated by ContrastMary
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